《棋经十三篇》的围棋观     

陈朝阳  李建设 《浙江体育科学》2000,22(6):54-56

根据《棋经十三篇》这一部棋书,通过分析,看到了《棋经》与《孙子》的关系甚为密切,它不仅从篇章款式上摹拟《孙子十三篇》,而更是从有关棋的战略战术等内容问题上与《孙子十三篇》相吻合。因此。棋道如兵法。棋理合乎一般事物之辩证法则。  相似文献   

体育保健学课程设置与教学体系改革的实验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏静  夏健松  杨军  王晶  张秋芬  牛英鹏  寇建民 《浙江体育科学》2000,22(4):33-36

采用问卷调查、教学实验、数理统计等研究方法对体育保健学的课程设置、教学体系等进行了实验研究。结果显示．课程设置及教学体系的运用是成功的。有利于学生多种能力的培养与提高。符合社会体育发展趋势的要求。  相似文献   

Elektronische Vertr?ge und ihre verbindliche Aushandlung
Ein formales Modell für verbindliche Telekooperation     

Rüdiger Grimm  Peter Ochsenschl?ger 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,37(2):182-192

Dieser Artikel erarbeitet eine formale Bestimmung der Begriffe “elektronischer Vertrag”, seine “Ziele”, “Verpflichtungen” und seine “verbindliche Aushandlungsphase”. Die hier erarbeiteten Begriffe dienen erstens der Spezifikation elektronischer Vertr?ge und zweitens der Verifikation lokaler Implementationen von elektronischen Vertragskooperationen. Besonders behandelt werden die lokale Darstellungen von Vertr?gen und ihre vermittelnde Kommunikation, mehrfache sowie sich überlappende Durchl?ufe durch eine verbindliche Phase und die Rolle von Beweismitteln. Die Begriffe beruhen auf der Theorie der formalen Sprachen bzw. der Automaten. Sie werden an einem einfachen Beispiel einer bilateralen Auftragskooperation demonstriert.  相似文献   

Generierte DB-Aufrufschnittstellen – Anwendungsspezifische Zugriffsoptimierung durch Bindungsflexibilit?t     

Theo H?rder  Udo Nink und Norbert Ritter 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,15(2):67-82

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'Mental Model' Comparison of Automated and Human Scoring     

David M. Williamson  Isaac I. Bejar  Anne S. Hone 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1999,36(2):158-184

'Mental models' used by automated scoring for the simulation divisions of the computerized Architect Registration Examination are contrasted with those used by experienced human graders. Candidate solutions (N = 3613) received both automated and human holistic scores. Quantitative analyses suggest high correspondence between automated and human scores; thereby suggesting similar mental models are implemented. Solutions with discrepancies between automated and human scores were selected for qualitative analysis. The human graders were reconvened to review the human scores and to investigate the source of score discrepancies in light of rationales provided by the automated scoring process. After review, slightly more than half of the score discrepancies were reduced or eliminated. Six sources of discrepancy between original human scores and automated scores were identified: subjective criteria; objective criteria; tolerances/ weighting; details; examinee task interpretation; and unjustified. The tendency of the human graders to be compelled by automated score rationales varied by the nature of original score discrepancy. We determine that, while the automated scores are based on a mental model consistent with that of expert graders, there remain some important differences, both intentional and incidental, which distinguish between human and automated scoring. We conclude that automated scoring has the potential to enhance the validity evidence of scores in addition to improving efficiency.  相似文献   

The association of childhood sexual abuse with depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and selected pregnancy outcomes.     

M I Benedict  L L Paine  L A Paine  D Brandt  R Stallings 《Child abuse & neglect》1999,23(7):659-670

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were: (1) to investigate the association during pregnancy of sexual abuse before the age of 18 on depressive symptomatology in pregnancy, controlling for the presence of negative life events and challenges; and (2) to investigate the association of selected pregnancy outcomes (maternal labor and delivery factors, infant birth weight and gestational age) with sexual abuse before age 18. METHODS: Three hundred fifty-seven primiparous women aged 18 years and older were interviewed between 28-32 weeks gestation with reference to current functioning and past history (Objective 1). Medical record information was abstracted after delivery for pregnancy, labor and delivery factors, and pregnancy outcomes (Objective 2). RESULTS: Thirty-seven percent of the women reported past sexual abuse. Prevalence was not associated with ethnic background, educational level, or hospital payment source. Previously sexually-abused pregnant women reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptomatology, negative life events, and physical and verbal abuse before and during pregnancy. There were no significant associations found between past sexual abuse and labor or delivery variables or newborn outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Previously sexually-abused pregnant women reported a wider constellation of past and current functioning problems than nonabused women although past sexual abuse was not associated with pregnancy outcome. Prenatal care provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of life history and current life events during pregnancy, and to develop a coordinated intervention plan.  相似文献   

Childhood sexual abuse and revictimization in adolescence.     

B Krahé  R Scheinberger-Olwig  E Waizenh?fer  S Kolpin 《Child abuse & neglect》1999,23(4):383-394

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the link between childhood experiences of sexual abuse and subsequent revictimization in adolescence. METHOD: A sample of 281 female adolescents between 17-20 years of age, who participated in a prevalence survey of unwanted sexual contacts, completed the Sexual Experiences Survey as a measure of unwanted sexual contacts in adolescence and indicated whether or not they had experienced childhood sexual abuse. RESULTS: Childhood experiences of sexual abuse were reported by 8.9% of the respondents, a further 8.5% indicated they were not sure if they had been sexually abused as children. Both abused women and women uncertain about their victimization status were significantly more likely to report unwanted sexual contacts as adolescents than women who did not state abuse. The link between childhood abuse and subsequent victimization was mediated by a higher level of sexual activity among the abuse victims. CONCLUSIONS: The results support existing evidence on the impact of childhood sexual abuse on sexual relationships in subsequent developmental stages and underline the need to consider childhood sexual abuse as a risk factor of adolescent sexual victimization.  相似文献   

Chapter VI. Stability and Change in Infant Attachment in a Low-Income Sample     

Joan I. Vondra  Katherine Dowdell Hommerding  & Daniel S. Shaw 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》1999,64(3):119-144

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同是天涯沦落人——简·爱和林黛玉形象比较     

李珠 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1999,(4)

简·爱与林黛玉都是中外文学史上独具特色的形象 ,比较她们的异同有利于加深对其形象的理解 :1 .她们都是孤女 ,但生活时代不同 ,寄居的环境不同 ;2 .她们的性格不同 ;3.她们的爱情观及社会意义不同。文中还批评了宝黛的爱情基础是“初步的民主主义思想”的观点。  相似文献   

Youth and Science: The Challenge of Resilience     

Julie I. Johnson 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2005,48(2):121-124

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